How to Clean Battery Corrosion?

How to Clean Battery Corrosion
https://www.bobvila.com/articles/how-to-clean-battery-corrosion/

STEP 1: Protect yourself and your work surface.
First, set up a safe place to do the job. Spread newspaper over the surface where you plan to work, and since there are chemicals involved, it’s recommended that you wear protective gear.

STEP 2: Clean battery corrosion with a household acid, like vinegar.
Alkaline batteries leak, not acid, but a chemical that registers as a base on the pH scale. For that reason, it’s wise to clean a battery leak with a mild household acid like vinegar or lemon juice. Both liquids work to neutralize the alkaline discharge. Place a drop of vinegar or lemon juice onto the corroded area, then wait a minute or two for the neutralizing effect to take place.

STEP 3: Use a Q-tip to wipe up the corrosion.
Having dipped a Q-tip or toothbrush dipped into your chosen acidic liquid, gently wipe away the crystalline white residue from the battery itself and wherever the leak may have spread. Double-check the drawer where you store them and the compartment in the battery-powered device so that you don’t miss any of the residues. Again, be careful not to get the chemical on your skin or in your eyes.

STEP 4: Pick out the last of the crystalized leak with a toothpick.
Address lingering residue with a toothpick or, even better, a pencil eraser. If you’re cleaning the contacts within the battery compartment, sandpaper or a file may prove handy for the purpose.

Now, what do you do with the batteries that have corroded? Some municipalities allow you to throw in alkaline batteries with your regular trash. Other counties and states enforce more stringent regulations. Check with your local sanitation department for the appropriate disposal method.

3 Tips for Preventing Battery Corrosion
Going forward, there are a few simple things you can do to prevent alkaline battery leaks:

First, don't use expired batteries.
Second, don't mix old and new batteries; when replacing one battery in a bay, go ahead and replace them all. Even mixing battery brands commonly causes problems and should be avoided if at all possible.
Finally, know that batteries are highly sensitive to heat and must be stored at or below room temperature.

USB flash drive stand alone testing software

Ultimate Boot CD:
http://www.ultimatebootcd.com/index.html
Ultimate Boot CD is completely free for the download, or could be obtained for a small fee. If you had somehow paid a ridiculous amount of money for it, you have most likely been fleeced. The least you could do is to make as many copies of the offical UBCD and pass it to your friends, relatives, colleagues or even complete strangers to minimize the per unit cost of your loss! 

YUMI – Multiboot USB Creator
https://www.pendrivelinux.com/yumi-multiboot-usb-creator/

memtest86+
http://www.memtest.org/

Knowledge Base software

http://foswiki.org/

How to identify where unit came from? IPG(store) or SIPG(tech)

ask John

Macbook Pro RAM upgrade: 2nd gen MBP - C2D & i5/i7

Macbook Pro RAM upgrade
The 2nd generation MBP, unibody (hidden battery), has two DDR3 ram slots.

MBP C2D: Year 2008~10
DDR3 1.5V PC-8500S /10600S, Max. 8GB(4GB*2)

MBP i5/i7: Year 2010~12
DDR3 1.5V PC-10600S or DDR3L 1.35V PC3L-12800s, Max. 16GB(8GB*2)

How to create MacOS installation USB disk.

Use a working MacOS system, download "Disk Drill" from internet and install it. Download MacOS installation application from apple's APP store. Run Disk Drill and select create USB installation disk.

This program also provide other hard drive utility, such as HD health/SMART.

https://www.cleverfiles.com/

How to install Windows 7 or 8 via USB on Samsung NP700Z, iSSD Cache notebook

This info provide for nobebook with built-in SSD-Cache which cannot boot normally after installing Windows on it.

How to install Windows 7 or 8 via USB on Samsung NP700Z, iSSD Cache notebook
http://forum.notebookreview.com/threads/guide-how-to-install-windows-7-or-8-via-usb-on-np700z.697841/

Steps on using diskpart
https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/2044b64e-ab9f-4270-992d-ac1e1e2d71b4/unable-to-boot-from-ssd-due-to-build-in-ssd-cache?forum=w8itproinstall

During Windows installation, press "Shift+F10" can bring the command prompt at any time.

Samsung recovery key , rest to factory default

During the boot up, press "F4" key to enter the recovery.

F2: enter bios

F10: boot select.
If you need to boot to "DOS" using a USB device, enter the BIOS Setup, select the "Advanced" menu and set the "Fast BIOS Mode" item to "Disabled".

Brand Laptop boot select

Boot Select: Druing the boot up logo, press the key.
Dell/Alienware: F12
HP/Compaq: F9
Asus: ESC
Acer: Go to bios MAIN to enable F12
Lenovo: F12 or FN+F2
Thinkpad-Lenovo: F12
Sony: ASSIST key / F11
Samsung: F10 - boot select.
Toshiba: F12, also can enter bios
Gateway: F12

If you need to boot to "DOS" using a USB device, enter the BIOS Setup, select the "Advanced" menu and set the "Fast BIOS Mode" item to "Disabled".

BIOS Key:
Dell/Alienware: F2
HP/Compaq: F10
Asus: F2
Acer: F2 or FN+2
Lenovo: F2 or FN+F2, may need to be enabled in BIOS first.
Thinkpad-Lenovo: F1
Sony: ASSIST key / F2
Samsung: F2
Gateway: F2

Diagnostic Key:
HP: F2
HP: F1 <= display system bios infomation, such as serial number.

Recover key:
Acer: Alt+F10
Asus: F9
Gigabyte: F9
HP: F3 or F11
Sony: F10
IBM/Lenovo: F11

Windows 7 Recovery Key
HP: F11 during reboot.

Dell laptops&#39; backup, recovery and diagnostic

For Dell's laptops, power on the unit, then press F12 to bring the boot menu for Recovery and diagnostic.

http://www.dell.com/support/contents/us/en/19/article/Product-Support/Self-support-Knowledgebase/software-and-downloads/dell-backup-solutions/Dell-Backup-and-Recovery

Laptops with Windows 10 recovery. Use the Windows 10 built-in recovery.

Laptops with Windows 10 recovery. Use the Windows 10 built-in recovery.
Under setting, choose "Back & Recovery" option.

Lenovo laptop one key rest to factory default

Just press the "NOVO button", the upside down U. No need to press the power button.

https://support.lenovo.com/ca/en/solutions/ht503785

Brand Windows laptops&#39; USB Flash Drive Boot Reference List URL

https://craftedflash.com/info/how-boot-computer-from-usb-flash-drive

Samsung notebook boot select key: F10

WI-FI Antenna hook up

Pure black cable: 1

White cable: 2

Dell Alienware 15R3 missing driver

Dell Alienware 15R3 has missing driver:
Resources : ACPI

Download: Application => Alienware OSD Application

Laptop cannot power on by pressing the power button. Unit can charge (Charging LED is on when plug-in AC adapter)

Check the power buttion board and related cable.

I2C HID Device with yellow exclamation mark. Webcam or track pad not working or detected. Brand : Acer

1. Try to clean the cable or replace the cable.

For Webcam
1. Open the screen cover and push the webcam cable inward, or re-move and re-plug the cable.
2. Take out the cable and visual examinate the cosmestic of the cable to see any visual damages.

Acer Example:

Laptop can be power on, but no display and no back light on.

Diagnostic step:

* Remove the system ram and press power on to see if any beep sound come out. If it beeps then it can mean the system board is working.

1. Unplug/detach  the video cable form system board.
2. Laptop connect to an external monitor, then power on.
3. Hit enter BIOS key. <= tested with Acer.

Scenairo 1: No display on the external monitor, means the system board is defected.

Scenairo 2: External monitor has display (entered BIOS), could be defected monitor or the cable. Order testing part first.

Asus notebook network RJ-45 jack cover removal.

Slide down and push out the RJ-45 jack cover.

Unknown USB Device (Device Descriptor Request Failed) - Webcam not working

Reason: Some time it was loss connection.
Solution: Open Webcam cover (screen plastic cover), push the webcam cable in.

 

Laptop cannot boot.

Scenario 1: Charging LED is not on

Scenario 2: Charging LED is on, but can not power on by pressing power button.

Shift + F10 => shutdown -s Shut down command during Windows 10 setup.

Shift + F10 <= bring command prompt
type: shutdown -s

Laptop battery is not detected.

Reconnect the battery cable to the system board.

If the battery use pins for charging, check the pins first. In some cases, pins are baned.

Laptop&#39;s trackpad not working.

Mainboard is more likely the issue than defected trackpad or cable.

Try to get the testing mainbaord form Part department without ordering first.

Asus laptop&#39;s keyboard back light not on after OS/Win10 and driver SDI installed. Model: Asus ZenBook UX430U

Download and install the ATK program form the Asus model's website.

Laptop has slow or no internet connection. ping TTL time should be 2ms ~ 5ms. Around 10ms is ok.

Update driver first and restart OS. 

If the issue remain the same,  reseat the Wi-fi card and antenna .

If the ping value remain unstable, high, or no connection, then swap with a known good wi-fi card for testing.

If the issue remain the same, the it is most like the wi-fi card is defected.

ping command
ping -n 100 -i  255
-i : It sets the Time to Live (TTL) value, the maximum of which is 255.

Dell&#39;s laptop charger plug-in but battery does not charging after certain %. eg. 55% 40%, etc.

Ans: Go to BIOS => Maintenance => First Power On Date =>  click to check "Set Owner date". Then reboot the unit.

Dell Inspiron laptop cannot adjust LCD brightness by pressing F11/F12 keys.

Go to Dell's model site, download Dell-Quickset-Application and install it.

HP laptop only charge for few seconds then disconnect the charger.

Use right watts charger for the unit. Check unit's back cover for spect.  45W vs 65W or 120W

HP TrueVision HD webcam is no longer working after updating to Windows 10

HP TrueVision HD webcam is no longer working after updating to Windows 10. Webcam driver switched to "spca2082" and is no longer showing image. But under device manager, webcam doesn't say any driver issue.

Known issue HP model: HP Pavilion 15-p087ca

Symptoms:
1. Driver first showed as "HP TrueVision HD", then after 15~20 secands, it switched to "spca2082"
2. Driver first showed as "HP TrueVision HD". After OS reboot, it changed its driver and stopped working.
3. After OS upgrade, eg. Windows 8 to Win 10.
4. Fresh OS install, eg Windows 10 (1507, 1511, 1607, 1703, 1709),  driver just showed "spca2082".
5. Delete "spca2082" driver, and reboot unit, device manager still showed as "spca2082".
6. After hardware reset, device manager showed "HP TrueVision HD", but after few secands or min., it change to "spca2082" .
7. Driver showed as "HP TrueVision HD". But after run "Camera" app for few secands or minutes, app hangs and showed deveice error. Then the device manager's driver change to  "spca2082".

Possible final Solution: Order new webcam module for replacement.
Method have tried by Admin: Hardware reset as suggested by HP. Reseat webcam cable. OS reinstall: Win 8.1 and Win10 (1507, 1511, 1607, 1703, 1709)
HP's discussion forum.
https://h30434.www3.hp.com/t5/Notebook-Video-Display-and-Touch/TrueVision-HD-camera-switched-to-spca2082-and-is-no-longer/td-p/2621231

ALT+F10 = Acer Windows 10 reset to factory image key

Power on the unit, then press "ALT+F10" to bring the reset menu.

Synaptic touchpad became not working after installing SDI (Snoopy Driver).

Some HP and Acer laptops use Synaptics touchpad. After installing SDI (Snoopy Driver) and reboot the unit, the mouse is not working anymore.

e.g. Synaptics SMBus Touchpad

Resolution:
1. Don't install it.
2. Uninstall the device driver under "Device Manager", and reboot the system.

Acer laptop trackpad/touchpad not working after installing new OS, Windows 8 & 10. Snoopy driver program was used to installing all the drivers, but still not working.

Acer model examples: E5-411, E5-774G

Solution:
Download and  install the following drivers form its product site. Then reboot the unit.
Serial I/O Driver or Serial I/O Driver (Kabylake) according to the  unit's CPU

If it still does not work, then download and install Intel chip set driver or Chipset Driver (Skylake/Kabylake) form its product site. Then reboot.

If it still does not work,  update the bios.

Trackpad should work in "Advance mode" as well. 

It is confirmed working by Parmm and Paul Lee.

ref. web URL
https://community.acer.com/en/discussion/277578/aspire-e15-e5-511-p9y3-touchpad-not-working-on-windows8-1

HP laptop cannot adjust display&#39;s brightness by pressing the function keys(F2 or F3). OS Windows 10 and 8.

Solution:
Download and install the driver form HP's product site.

Snoopy Driver won't work.

Acer laptop cannot boot from USB disk. Newer Windows 10 model.

Boot  select must be enable within BIOS first.
Press F2 during unit boot to into BIOS.

Enable boot select, save it.

Plugin an USB external CD-rom and USB boot disk to the USB ports, then reboot the system.

During the boot time, press F12 to bring the boot menu. Then you should see both items. You can select boot form USB now.

Example Model: Acer Aspire E5-575

HP laptop cannot boot USB Windows 10 installation or cannot update to Windows 10 ver 1709.

Some HP model has this issue.
Solution: update BIOS.

Model example: HP 17-G188CA

Wireless network does not work after SDI (Snoopy Driver) installed.

Some HP and Dell unit have these issue.
Solution: Go to the official model web site and download the driver and install it. The driver could be older.

Example:
HP 17-G188CA A10-8700P
Broadcom BCM43142 802.11 b/g/n 1x1

HP laptops&#39; touchpad not working with SDI (Snoopy Driver). Synaptics SMBus TouchPad

During the installation, it may show "!" mark. Trackpad will not work after system reboot.

Solution: Use the SDI R420 or driver downloaded from HP's model url.

HP laptop touch screen doesn&#39;t work after SDI (snoopy driver) installed.

Solution: Don't install the touch screen driver  form SDI.

Asus laptop is not stable, blue screen, system not stable, no boot to OS (BIOS). HDD is tested good with Crystal Disk Info on other unit.

Sympton:
Unit  is not stable, blue screen, system not stable, no boot to OS, boot directly to BIOS)
Unit has charger plug-in, but the charging and LED is not on.
When the unit is powered on, power, charging and HDD LEDs are not on.
Unit can pass MRI test and stress test, but it is not stable. It eventually got bluescreen or powered on go right into bios with detecting the HDD.

Even with the HDD I/O baord and USB I/O (where LEDs reside on) replaced. There is no sign of LED on indication.
Memory tested good.

Answer: It is the defected mainboard.
Solution: Order mainboard and replace it.

Example Models:
X555LA-BH51-CB

Many Asus laptop has HDD IO board issue. Unit cannot detect good HDD.
Solution: Just order and replace the HDD IO board. Do not sent the board for repair, because it may happen again.

Example Models:
X555LA-BH51-CB <= IO boad v3.0 or above
X555QA-BB10-CB A10 9600/12G/1T/15.6
X555DA-SS10-CB

MRI may not detect bad memory stick.

MRI may not detect bad memory stick.

If run into suspicious condition, such as:
Windows cannot install properply or run very slow.
System is unstable.

You can swap with known good memory stick for testing.

Or run mem86 standalone progroam to test, but it will takes 3~4 hours.

Asus UX360UA/UX360UAK cpu fan always run at high speed 3800 rpm or more.

A lot of Asus UX360UA/UX360UAK units' CPU fan are always running at high speed, even not doing anything.

If the fan goes up to 4800 or 5000 rpm, there will be noticable noisy.

Solution: Just replace the mainboard. However, it is still a big chance fan still running at high speed or worse.

Latest BIOS ver for UX360UAK: 311 <= issue remain the same.

Toshiba laptop Windows 10 won&#39;t boot after SDI installed.

Solution: Do not install the SDI driver packages that start with Toshiba.

Device manager will show all driver installed.

Some Asus laptop models cannot adjust brightness with FN+F keys after Windows 10 1803 installed.

Solution: Upate the Intel video driver through Windows update over internet will slove the issue.
Model example: Asus X541UA-BS31, ROG GL552vw

No need to update nVidia VGA driver.

Dell touchpad two-finger scroll up-down gesture function driver installation how-to.

For Dell cheap low end black plastic cover model, such as Inspiron 15" 3567 i3 cpu, please install the touchpad driver form Dell's product site.
eg. Dell-Touchpad-Driver_YYK15_WIN_19.2.17.64_A10_02_180515

It is Symantec device driver. Mice and other pointing devices will show as "Dell Tochpad" under Device Manager. Automatic Windows update will not download the right driver to enable two finger gesture function. 

Installation setps:
1. Fresh install Windows 10
2. Install latest service pack (knowledge base)
3. Install Touch Pad driver
4. Install SDI. Do not install any Touch Pad releated drivers, it may cause issues.
Note: Sometime you can't just uninstalled the TP driver and install the new one to make two-finger gesture function to work. 

For Dell cheap low end black plastic cover model, such as Inspiron 15" Pentium cpu, please install the touchpad driver form Dell's product site. The file name is Intel SerialIO.

For newer or more expensive models, such as G3 or sliver cover AMD Ryzen, Mice and other pointing devices will show "HID-complaint mouse".

Disk wipe time USB 3.0 - Eraser

2.5" HDD erase with Pseudorandom Data (1 Pass)
500GB 5400RPM : 1.5H
1TB 7200RPM: 2.5H
128GB Sandisk SSD: 20min
256GB Liteon SSD: 15min

HP laptop showed "Detection Verification" with ! (exclamation mark).

HP laptop Device Manager showed "Detection Verification" with ! (exclamation mark).

Solution:
1. Uninstall it.
2. Download the Realtek Driver form HP's product site and install it.
3. Installation will ask to uninstall the previous  driver, then system will reboot and install the downloaded one.
4. After installation, reboot the system again and check. It should work now,

https://h30434.www3.hp.com/t5/Notebook-Hardware-and-Upgrade-Questions/Detection-Verification-Driver-Could-Not-Load/td-p/6692791

Asus touch pad/track pad not working.

Asus touch pad/track pad not working.

Test method: Press F2 to go BIOS and see.

Hardware solution 1st: Reseat both side of the cable, MB and TP. Then reboot and go to BIOS and see.

Driver solution 2nd: Use Windows update after OS installed, reboot the system and see.

The symptom happens to be ELAN1200 track pad.

How to shutdown laptop during windows 10 initial setup (Set Up Windows)

1. At that initial setup screen, press the Shift key + the F10 key
(note, on some laptops you may have to press the Fn key at the same time so that F10 will register as a function key).
2. At the Command Prompt, type shutdown /s /t 15 and press the Enter key
3. Your computer will notify you that a shutdown will occur in less than a minute (15 seconds)

Ubuntu is not booting on Acer aspire laptop

Press F2 to enter BIOS setting.

Initial setting:
Security: Set Supervisor Password: [empty]
Boot: Boot Mode: [UEFI] <= leave as is.
Boot: Security Boot: [Enable]

Install Ubuntu (it worked with 18.04 and 20.04) from a USB drive.

1. Enter UEFI (BIOS) with F2 once Acer appears
2. Boot tab’s [Secure Boot] is enabled.
3. Security tab’s make sure a security management password is set [Set Supervisor Password]. This will enable the [Secure Boot Mode] functions.
4. In Security tab, execute "Restore Secure Boot to Factory Default", press F10 to save, then reboot once more into UEFI/BIOS with F2
5. Back to Security tab, enter [Select an UEFI as Trusted for Executing], HDD0 (or change if other drive), ../ Ubuntu / grub64x.efi, Yes. You may need to enter a name for it before click Yes to save it.
6. In Boot tab, disable Secure Boot
7. Move the [ubuntu boot] up to the first place.
8. F10 to save, exit and reboot.

New Freeware Detects Fake USB Drives with Inflated Capacity

https://faq.fort01.com/index.php?action=add&cat=0

Official site download site: GRC | ValiDrive  

Samsung TV with One Connect box.

Different model of Samsung TV uses different model version of One Connect box. Even the box size is the same. And One Connect cable needs to be aware of. There are couple different cables types. Boxs and cables can be defective. Alway try at lease one known good set with TV.

Apple laptops&#39; / macOS manual hardware test howto: keyboard, sound, scree

Keyboard test: Open and use the Keyboard Viewer
https://support.apple.com/kb/PH25242?locale=en_US

1. Click the Input menu in the menu bar, then choose Show Keyboard Viewer.
      If the command isn’t shown, choose Apple menu > System Preferences, click Keyboard, click Keyboard, then select “Show keyboard and emoji viewers in menu bar.”

2. Press the key on your keyboard that corresponds to the character shown in the Keyboard Viewer, or click keys in the Keyboard Viewer.
      Press a modifier key, or a combination of modifier keys, to see special characters or symbols you can type. For example, hold down the Option key or the Option and Shift keys. This includes dead keys (a modifier key pressed with another key to enter a letter with a diacritical mark), which are highlighted in orange on a keyboard layout. See Enter characters with accent marks for more information.

Sound Test:
https://www.onlinemictest.com/microphone-settings/mac-os-x/
1. Click the Apple icon present in the top left corner of the screen. A menu will appear.

2. Click "System Preferences".

3. Under system preferences select "Sound" either by clicking it or by searching for it in the search text box

4.  Within "Sound Effect", select glass, because it is more clear. For testing, click "Output" & "Input" and check the the screen.
      It can also check the audio-jack .

Screen Test:
1. Open "System Preferences" then click "Desktop & Screen Saver", under "Desktop" tab, select Solid Color and chose different colors to see if there any screen bleeding. 
    Solid Color for test: White, Black, Blue, Red, Green <= select Custom Color.

HDD Test:
Under "Go" from top menu bar, click "Utilities", then click "Disk Utility", check "S.M.A.R.T. status".  If the "S.M.A.R.T. status" is "Verified", the it is good.

Or click "First Aid" to run  the disk test. It will show the complete diagnosticed info.

Trackpad Test:
While performing the test form the above, move the crusor around on the screen and click the trackpad, from left to middile and to the right.

Battery Test:
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201585

1. Click the "Apple" icon from top left corner of the menu bar, click "About This Mac".
2. Under "Overview", click "System Report" to bring up the info.
3. Under "Hardware", click "Power" and check "Battery Information" => Health Information => Condition: Health or not.

Eject device(USB) properly:
Click "Finder", at the bottom left-hand side corner, then click the "eject" icon next to the device.

MacBook 2015 Retina 12 inch open

MacBook 2015 Retina 12 inch, sceen and trackpad are calibrated before ship out the factory. Back cover is glued. It can only be opened by special tool by Tech, but this will lose the calibration.

If the Refurb got the unit form tech, just salvage it or training only. There is no need to clean and sale the unit.

2021 MacBook Pro boot from USB

https://www.ninjastik.com/support/2018-macbook-pro-boot-from-usb/

Mac Book Pro: Boot into Recovery Mode
To access Recovery Mode, turn off your Macbook, turn it on and hold the Command (⌘) and R keys. Keep holding them through the chime sound until you see the Recovery Screen below…

Mac OS X Utilities menu:
Restore From Time Machine Backup
Reinstall Mac OS X
Get Help Online
Disk Utility

Synology renew Let's Encrypt certificate

https://www.reddit.com/r/synology/comments/m5znr4/lets_encrypt_certificate_renewal_failing/

Alternatively — place cloudflare in front of your services. They will provide valid certificates, and shield you from abuse.

Edit: and if you don’t provide public services — don’t use LE in the first place. Generate your own certificate.

Turn port 80 and 443 from router's firewall.
Turn off Synology NAS DSM's firewall.
Make sure Syology NAS can pass through port 80 and 443.

Steps tested by Paul:
Control Panel => Connectivity => Securityu => Certificate
Add => Replace an existing certificate: pick correct domain name, next
Get a certificate from Let's Encrypt, next
Fill out "Domain Name" and "Email => click "Done"

How to set Joomla as multi- language site?

1. Unpublish default "Main Menu", because default "Home" under "Main Menu" is set to "All language" and it cannot be changed.
2. Enable System => Plugin => "Language Code" & "Language Filter"
3. Enable "Language Switcher": Content => Site Modules => Publish "Language Switcher"
4. install and enable language pack
5. Create two menus, eg. one for English and the other for Chinese
6. Create two categories and assign to its according languages.
7. Create two articles and assign to its according languages and make them as the "default" for each language's "Main Menu".
8. Associate two languages' catetories and articles to each other.

CAPTCHA - reCAPTCHA setting

CAPTCHA - reCAPTCHA setting

Phoca guestbook

Phoca guestbook

Kunena forum

Kunena forum

Joomla menu collapsible dropdown

site modules => Menu item, eg"Main Menu Blog "=> Advanced => layout: select "from template name - collapsible dropdown"

How to deactivate 2FA/Two-Factor-Authentication in Joomla via database?

The following manual describes how to deactivate Two-Factor-Authentication via the database-backend to regain access to the Joomla-backend.

Follow the following steps to enable a user to login into the Joomla-backend without having to enter a two-factor-code. Please replace prefix ‘#####’ with the prefix used in your Joomla-database.

Every Joomla-installation uses an individual prefix.

1. Log in to the database management tool of your choice (PHPMyAdmin, SQL ManagementStudio eg.)
2. Select/click your joomla database => table “#####_extensions => entry “plg_multifactorauth_totp”
3. Set the entry of the colum “enabled” from 1 to 0. 4. click "execute/go" to update datase Now you can login to your joomla admin back end with user name and password

After login in as admin, you can go back to and re-enable 2FA/set "enabled” back to "1". From here, you can edit your user account and re-generage and add 2FA code. You should keep your "Backup Codes" somewhere safe as well.

Reference:
How to deactivate Google Two-Factor-Authentication in Joomla via database - Pixelfriedhof

Howto Set Up a Wordpress Multilingual Site

https://wordpress.com/support/set-up-a-multilingual-blog/

Wordpress multilangual plug-ins
https://wordpress.com/plugins?s=multilingual

TranslatePress
WPML
Polylang

【AWS架站教學】從零架網站只要10分鐘？用AWS雲端伺服器架設網站環境｜Amazon Lightsail + Wordpress自架站教學

https://youtu.be/ufmCi7pMgKU?si=Z1bDqgH49kFcqd4h

Wordpress: security setting after installation

Cloudflare Firewall Rules for Securing WordPress Websites | GridPane

*** [WordPress] 搭配 Cloudflare WAF 規則減少網站被攻擊的幾個做法 – 一介資男 (mxp.tw)

*** 2 個更安全的 WordPress 後台登入設定

強化WordPress網站安全的 12 個方法 - TAN-studio - 網站支援服務, WordPress, OpenCart, Shopify, Shopline

我的WordPress網站安全嗎—提升WordPress網站安全性的方法 - Astral Web 歐斯瑞有限公司

Yuan-Jhen Info Co., LTD. - 如何增加WordPress網站安全性！ (twnoc.net)

*** Wordpress安全 有效提升的基本實務方略(附28點建議) - 網捷電子商務 (wongjie.com)

11 個強化 WordPress 安全的 .htaccess 設定技巧 – Devi's Site (devinico.com)

WordPress 外掛推薦！自架 WordPress 網站必裝的 10 大外掛 (2024 最新)

WordPress 外掛推薦！自架 WordPress 網站必裝的 10 大外掛 (2024 最新)
https://wpelectrinc.com/wordpress-recommend-plugin/

1. Admin and Site Enhancements (ASE): Admin and Site Enhancements (ASE) By wpase.com
2. Slim SEO: Fast & Automated WordPress SEO Plugin By eLightUp
3. Fluent Forms: Contact Form Plugin by Fluent Forms for Quiz, Survey, and Drag & Drop WP Form Builder By Contact Form - WPManageNinja LLC
4. Site Kit by Google: Analytics, Search Console, AdSense, Speed By Google
5. Simple Cloudflare Turnstile": Simple Cloudflare Turnstile – CAPTCHA
6. FluentSnippets: The High-Performance file based Custom Code Snippets Plugin 
7. Elementor: Website Builder – More than Just a Page Builder By Elementor.com
8. Auto Image Attributes From Filename With Bulk Updater: Add Alt Text, Image Title For Image SEO) By Arun Basil Lal
9: FileBird: WordPress Media Library Folders & File Manager By Ninja Team
10: Advanced Database Cleaner

Yoast Duplicate Post – WordPress 外掛 | WordPress.org 台灣繁體中文

WordPress外掛推薦 ：常用的最佳清單，你必須要知道！ | 犬哥網站 (frankknow.com) 2023-12-05

傑哥 WordPress 必裝的10個推薦外掛-2021
https://jclassroom.net/10-recommended-plugins-for-wordpress/

WordPress 外掛清單 — Irving 爾文精選
https://irvinglab.com/blog/wordpress-plugins/

WordPress外掛推薦 ：常用的最佳清單，你必須要知道！
https://frankknow.com/best-wordpress-plugins/

wordpress theme/佈景 twenty twenty-four howto make menu /如何建立 選單

https://youtu.be/OF_DdDlO2So?si=v59qXsO41hFCfxul

How to Fix Missing Appearance Menu in WordPress Admin (wpbeginner.com)

Theme twenty twenty-four has  no menu item, it uses "Navigation" instead.
Your menu comes from the Navigation block in the Site Editor. To create a new menu, follow these steps.

Visit your site’s dashboard.
Navigate to Appearance → Editor.
By default, "Design" => click "Navigation"
Note: or select the Template or Template Part you want the navigation menu to appear. 
Click the "+ Block Inserter" icon.
Use the search field in the block inserter to search for “navigation”
Click the "Navigation" block to add the block to your site.

Add menu items to "Naivation" block
Click the 3 vertical dots next to "Naivation" to brin context menu and click "Edit"
Click the "+ Block Inserter" icon to add menu items. Eg. page or url/links.
Save the changes.
Go to the page and refersh it. The change should take effect.

如何使用 TranslatePress 轻松翻译您的 WordPress

https://wpeyes.com/wordpress/archives/4745

TranslatePress设置使用教程, 含插件下载和获取翻译API - 迪亚莫建站 (diiamo.cn)

WordPress多语言插件TranslatePress使用教程：安装和基本设置-WordPress啦

WordPress多语言插件Polylang使用教程

Polylang 翻譯教學：WordPress 多國語言切換，打造多語系網站！ | 犬哥網站 (frankknow.com)

https://blog.naibabiji.com/tutorial/polylang.html

Wordpress - Polylang Language Switcher cannot be added to menu -

I can’t add the language switcher in the menus
https://wordpress.org/support/topic/i-cant-add-the-language-switcher-in-the-menus/

Fix Suggestion for WordPress 6.6.1 – Language Switch missing in Edit Page
https://wordpress.org/support/topic/fix-suggestion-for-wordpress-6-6-1-language-switch-missing-in-edit-page/

Language Switcher problem with last update
https://wordpress.org/support/topic/language-switcher-problem-with-last-update/

The No-Plugin Guide for a Multilingual WordPress Site Using Multisite

The No-Plugin Guide for a Multilingual WordPress Site Using Multisite
https://wpmudev.com/blog/multilingual-wordpress-site-multisite/#creating-a-word-press-multisite-with-subdomain

The Ultimate Guide to WordPress Multisite
https://wpmudev.com/blog/ultimate-guide-multisite/

Open up wp-config.php and add this line above where it says /* That's all, stop editing! Happy publishing. */. If it doesn’t say that anywhere, then add the line somewhere above the first line that begins with require or include:

define ('FS_METHOD', 'direct' );
define ('WP_AUTO_UPDATE_CORE', 'minor' );
/* Multisite */
define( 'WP_ALLOW_MULTISITE', true );

MySQL/MariaDB: Character Sets and Collations

use: utf8mb4_unicode_ci

Optimal Image Sizes for WordPress

Optimal Image Sizes for WordPress
* WordPress Background Images: 1920 x 1080
* Header Banner Images: 1048 x 250
* Thumbnail Images: 150 x 150
* Landscape Featured Images: 1200 x 900
* Portrait Featured Images: 900 x 1200
* Blog Post Images: 1200 x 630
* Logo Images: 200 x 100

For themes that use rectangular featured images: 1200×687 pixels
For themes that use square featured images: 600×600 pixels
* Hero Images: 2880 x 1500
* Fullscreen slideshows: 2800 x 1500
* Gallery Images: 1500 pixels x auto width

wordpress site icon size / favicon:
32x32px
512 x 512 pixels
180x180px app icon for iOS up to the iPhone 6+.
192x192px Android/Chrome app icon.
270x270px medium-sized tile

What’s the ideal image size for achieving rapid, high-quality visuals that appear crisp and adaptable on desktops, tablets, and mobile devices? WordPress has a few recommended sizes, such as:
WordPress Background Images: 1920 x 1080
Header Banner Images: 1048 x 250
Thumbnail Images: 150 x 150
Landscape Featured Images: 1200 x 900
Portrait Featured Images: 900 x 1200
Blog Post Images: 1200 x 630
Logo Images: 200 x 100
Hero Images: 2880 x 1500
Fullscreen slideshows: 2800 x 1500
Gallery Images: 1500 pixels x auto width

Banner:
For themes that use rectangular featured images: 1200×687 pixels
For themes that use square featured images: 600×600 pixels

How To Fix REST API Errors in WordPress

Wordpress: admin back-end => Settings: Permalinks => Click "Save Changes"

Other method:
https://drewl.com/blog/fix-wordpress-rest-api-errors/

“An unexpected network error has occur” | WordPress.org

Categories to Chinese

ultronforge.com
Appearance => Theme => Navigation => Header navigation

Top navigation
"Language Switcher / TW/Chinese" = LATEST = GUESTBOOK = IT COMPUTER = OUTDOOR = MURMURING = Pitfalls In&Out = FORUM = FAQ = PERSONAL

Home IT
- Computer Hardware
- OS and Apps
- Server / Networking / Security
- Trouble Shooting

OUTDOOR
- Camping Gears
- Hiking Gears
- Info / Tips Share

Pitfalls In&Out

MURMURING
PERSONAL

Uncategorized:

SITE RELATED: internal use only

Multilingual setting:
Use Wordpress milti-site to achieve/ single database.
Don't use plugins, eg. Polylang or TranslatePress

HOUSEHOLD 3C: 家用 3C 產品
Computer Hardware: 電腦硬體
Home Server & Networking: 家用主機與網路相關
Pitfalls in&Out: 入坑與出坑

OUTDOOR: 戶外休閒
Camping Gears: 露營裝備
Hiking Gears: 登山裝備

Uncategorized: 未分類 文章

murmuring: 碎碎唸
Guestbook: 留言簿

SITE RELATED: 網站相關 文件或文章

Plugin list:
Real Media Library: file and medial manaagement
W3 Total Cache: SEO and improve SEO.
FooGallery: photo gallery management tool
NextGEN Gallery
Gwolle Guestbook:

Classic Editor:

WP Dashboard Notes: 

NS Cloner - Sit Copier: creates a new site as an exact clone / duplicate / copy of an existing site with theme and all plugins and settings intact in just a few steps. Check out NS Cloner Pro for additional powerful add-ons and features!
WordPress Multisite Content Copier/Updater: Copy/Update posts and pages from one site (blog) to the other sites (blogs) in your WordPress Multisite Network.

WP Auto Terms: Create Privacy Policy with GDPR and CCPA, Terms & Conditions, Disclaimers. Cookie Consent Notice Banner. More Compliance Kits to help you get compliant with the law.

Privacy Policy generator

https://wordpress.com/go/website-building/how-to-write-and-add-a-privacy-policy-to-your-wordpress-site/

https://wordpress.org/plugins/auto-terms-of-service-and-privacy-policy/

Cannot login to phpBB with correct password?

Getting this error:
"You have specified an incorrect password. Please check your password and try again. If you continue to have problems please contact the Board Administrator"

Solution:
1. try manually deleting everything from your /cache folder EXCEPT index.htm and .htaccess using FTP.
2. Try to use other browser after deleting cache files form phpBB3 web server. Eg. from Edge to Chrome.
3. make sure the password is correct. Else, try to use phpmyadmin to reset it.

Wordpress 如何製作與優化網頁圖片 SEO？

如何製作與優化網頁圖片 SEO？
https://irvinglab.com/blog/how-to-edit-and-optimize-images-for-web-and-performance/


解析度大提升，網頁設計需要跟上4K解析度嗎？
https://www.dahe-idea.com/News/4k_display

WordPress Big Image Size – 如何調整大圖尺寸
https://wordpress.blog.tw/wordpress-big-image-size/

網頁照片尺寸的大小決定載入速度，優化網頁速度的第一步。
https://wpw.design/resize-image-before-upload/

【Blog 網頁設計】製作專業博客網站，打造個人品牌｜Jnews 主題實戰

【Blog 網頁設計】製作專業博客網站，打造個人品牌｜Jnews 主題實戰
https://youtu.be/FhDLO23xiuY?si=TBePVnxi4coQN8K9

【WordPress SEO教學】超實用WordPress SEO優化指南
https://ranking.works/knowledge/wordpress-seo/

Wordpress initial setup

Setting:
General: site icon, Timezone.

Permalinks:
Custom Structure: /%category%/%postname%/

Privacy: use plugin "WP AutoTerms"

https://themeisle.com/blog/how-to-fix-updating-failed-the-response-is-not-a-valid-json-response/

https://www.wpbeginner.com/wp-tutorials/how-to-fix-the-invalid-json-error-in-wordpress-beginners-guide/

Solution for Wordpress Multi-site setup
WP root directory => delete ".htaccess"
My Sites => Network Admin => Settings => Network Setup => copy ".htaccess" content to WP root directory.

Wordpress: invalid json

Cause: change Wordpress's Permalink format. Eg. from "Plain" to "Post Name"

Solution for Wordpress Multi-site setup
WP root directory => delete ".htaccess"
My Sites => Network Admin => Settings => Network Setup => copy ".htaccess" content to WP root directory.

Single site:
WP root directory => delete ".htaccess"
Refresh Wordpress page to let http server regenerate new ".htaccess".

https://themeisle.com/blog/how-to-fix-updating-failed-the-response-is-not-a-valid-json-response/

https://www.wpbeginner.com/wp-tutorials/how-to-fix-the-invalid-json-error-in-wordpress-beginners-guide/

How To Add Header Background Images in WordPress (2024) Tutorial

https://youtu.be/1Zu4-47A1o0?si=JXqIHAq5Nwrixjmf

Multilingual Site Tutorial Using Blocks (No Plugins)

https://wordpress.com/support/simple-multilingual-site-tutorial-using-blocks-no-plugins/

phpbb3 login error: The submitted form was invalid. Try submitting again.

https://www.phpbb.com/community/viewtopic.php?t=2586521

It can happen to any browser: MS Edge or Google Chrome.
Solution: Click " View Site Information" => Cookies => Cookies in use => remove all => Done

Wordpress網頁設計教學

WP架站一人就搞定 １６大【Wordpress網頁設計】教學
https://ezstartup.cc/wordpress-web-design.html

Wordpress頁面與文章的差異性
https://web-design.vip/page-vs-article.html
https://1hr.website/文章和頁面的差別/

WordPress 網站帶路姬
WordPress 免費入門課程＋2萬人臉書社團，陪你安心做好第一個網站！ (wpointer.com)

架網站前必做的網站企劃四步驟
架網站前必做的網站企劃四步驟 – WordPress 網站帶路姬 (wpointer.com)

Access Your Self Hosted Services WITHOUT Port Forwarding

https://youtu.be/VrV0udRUi8A?si=vL3wBfyFOmjwFacW

我的家庭服务器，安静得就像睡着了，配合SRIOV爽到爆，还需要什么卵路由啊。

https://youtu.be/DBwjq0jtGsg?si=ywEiwjPyxLvz8ZZV

WunderTech: Synology NAS setting related

Synology's Firewall Increases the Security of a Synology NAS...but should you use it?
https://youtu.be/qVxVBpadbE8?si=8RjaAnY3xkRLu7RE

Are you accessing your Synology NAS Insecurely?
https://youtu.be/jJ3vLFQU3hs?si=JOKpzOgguuWKjM9I

Remotely Access your Synology NAS from Anywhere - How to Secure a Synology NAS (Video 4)
https://youtu.be/1WkT9co2ro8?si=TUJgT_gQVQZ3w9Mu

Tech By Matt: I Built A $100 Storage Server! (2024)

Tech By Matt: I Built A $100 Storage Server! (2024)
https://youtu.be/FnB12C4Npus?si=aEFylJRZL3XieLcb

SpaceRex: The Complete Guide to Remotely Access Synology NAS - All 5 Options Explained

SpaceRex: The Complete Guide to Remotely Access Synology NAS - All 5 Options Explained
https://youtu.be/o2ck1g3_k3o?si=QGahZ__V0AMVtO2o

Massive Botnet Attacking Synology - how to protect your NAS
https://youtu.be/TgveuE_JFkE?si=1-FAlFtiryH0S8s1

Digital Aloha: How to Setup Synology's Reverse Proxy & Cloudflare Tunnels

Digital Aloha: How to Setup Synology's Reverse Proxy - Including HTTP to HTTPS Redirect https://youtu.be/xo3soLHrFOU?si=XTfQyTYerYV7Gh_y

Setup Cloudflare Tunnels Instead Of A Reverse Proxy - No Port Forwarding Required
https://youtu.be/EOcwVjdCAEc?si=xBRd2GI0Ngp3y_ll

Setup Cloudflare Tunnels

Login to Cloudflare => left panel: Zero Trust => left panel: Networks => Tunnels Click "Create a tunnel".

Add more public host name after the tunnel is created.

Click the 3 vertical dots, and click "configure" => Click "Public hostname" to add more modify sub-domain names.

Intel i225-V / i225-LM斷網救星，新版NVM韌體 v1.94(2024- 08月更新)

Mobile 01: Intel i225-V / i225-LM斷網救星，新版NVM韌體 v1.94(2024- 08月更新)
https://www.mobile01.com/topicdetail.php?f=504&t=6780582

Station-Drivers - Intel I225-V/I225-LM Rev 1.x Lan Controllers Firmware Version 1.89

New WD HA3480 8TB review: 2024-09-30

https://youtu.be/TKjVLJRz4ug?si=Iw4uObz11hQj2Ik3

Seagate: 7E10 HDD

Synology renew Let's Encrypt certificate

https://www.reddit.com/r/synology/comments/m5znr4/lets_encrypt_certificate_renewal_failing/

Alternatively — place cloudflare in front of your services. They will provide valid certificates, and shield you from abuse.

Edit: and if you don’t provide public services — don’t use LE in the first place. Generate your own certificate.

Turn port 80 and 443 from router's firewall.
Turn off Synology NAS DSM's firewall.
Make sure Syology NAS can pass through port 80 and 443.

Steps tested by Paul:
Control Panel => Connectivity => Securityu => Certificate
Add => Replace an existing certificate: pick correct domain name, next
Get a certificate from Let's Encrypt, next
Fill out "Domain Name" and "Email => click "Done"

MDD「二手回收」整新碟

https://www.pcdiy.com.tw/detail/27708

OpenWRT parent-control doesn't work on IOS devices

[教程]OpenWRT上网时间控制对iOS不起作用的解决方案
https://zhujitips.com/3898

IOS => Setting => Wi-Fi => connected Wi-Fi setting => set Wi-Fi address to "Permanent" or "Off"

phpmyfaq - UTT IT Service Desk Home

https://utt.edu.tt/it-faq/index.php?sid=1321898&lang=zh&

Dell 24 USB-C Hub Monitor

Dell 24 USB-C Hub Monitor - P2422HE
https://www.dell.com/en-ca/shop/dell-24-usb-c-hub-monitor-p2422he/apd/210-bbch/monitors-monitor-accessories#techspecs_section

Dell 24 USB-C Hub Monitor - P2423DE
Dell 24 USB-C Hub Monitor - P2423DE | Dell Canada

1L PC: HP Elite Mini 600 G9 i5-12500T 16GB DDR5 256GB SSD W11P Desktop

https://youtu.be/HylKpDmwaFA?si=hQyJ7DvzjjvaYFEp

Perfect Project TinyMiniMicro Pushing a 1L PC as a Server Concept (servethehome.com)

SSD related info

5 件可能會縮短 SSD 使用壽命的事
https://www.kocpc.com.tw/archives/558107

Windows 如何檢查 SSD 健康度？4 種方法整理給你
https://www.kocpc.com.tw/archives/570455

wiki: List of interface bit rates

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_interface_bit_rates
https://www.softperfect.com/contact/knowledgebase.php?article=10

Local Area Network speed:
megabit (Mb) or megabit per second (Mbps, Mb/s), with a small or lowercase ‘b’; and
megabyte (MB) or megabyte per second (MBps, MB/s), with a capital or uppercase ‘B’.

MB/s = megabytes per second
GB/s = gigabytes per second

Fast Ethernet (100BASE-X): 100 Mbit/s = 12.5MB/s
Gigabit Ethernet (1000BASE-X): 1Gbit/s = 1Gbps = 125MB/s
2.5 Gigabit Ethernet (2.5GBASE-T): 2.5Gbit/s = 2.5Gbps = 312.5MB/s
10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GBASE-X): 10Gbit/s = 10Gbps = 1.25GB/s = 1,250MB/s

永久免費、多節點 VPN！ Cloudflare Worker 極速搭建，優選 IP、秒開 4K/8K，解鎖 ChatGPT，不限流量！ | 零度解說

https://youtu.be/DYGu71OaqGI?si=66elvL88b_TneIeU

How to make a Windows 10 USB bootable disk UEFI only. rufus

Use "rufus 2.18p" to write iso to usb stick.  (Have not tried rufus 3.1p yet. "p" means portable)
https://youtu.be/KRxVt_Zd3qo

Partition scheme and target system type:
GPT partition scheme for UEFI
File System:
NTFS
Cluster size:
4096 bytes (default)

Check the following:
Quick format
Create bootable disk using: select ISO image file.
Create extended label and icon files.

Click "Write"

Windows build version after KB update.

Windows 7 x64 (ver 6.1): Build 7601 Service Pack 1
KB: KB4103718 (Monthly Rollup) May 8, 2018

Windows 10 update history
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4099479

Windows 10 x64 1703
KB ver: KB4103731 (OS Build 15063.1088) May 8, 2018

Windows 10 x64 1709 
KB4103727 (OS Build 16299.431) May 8, 2018
KB4103714 (OS Build 16299.461) May 21, 2018
KB4462932 (OS Build 16299.755) Oct. 17, 2018

Windows 10 x64 1803
KB4343909 (OS Build 17134.228) Aug 10, 2018
kb4346783 (OS Build 17134.254) Aug 30, 2018
KB4458469 (OS Build 17134.319) Sept 19, 2019
KB4462919 (OS Build 17134.345) Oct. 9, 2018
KB4467682 (OS Build 17134.441) Nov. 27, 2018

Windows 10 x64 1809/11
Initial :  OS Build 17763.107
KB4467708 (OS Build 17763.134)  Nov 10, 2018

windows 10 1803 microcode updates

KB4100347: Intel microcode updates
Last update: 2018/05/17

https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4100347/intel-microcode-updates-for-windows-10-version-1803-and-windows-server

Micorsoft: Summary of Intel microcode updates
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4093836/summary-of-intel-microcode-updates

MS Paint running in task manager but not displaying on screen nor visible in task bar

If it's in task manager it's running. It just isn't displaying a window. 

Solution:
1. Press key: Alt+Tabing to MSpaint program.
2. Press key: Alt+space
3. Press key: M
4. Left click mouse and drag to the middle. Then you should see the Paint program being dragged to the sscreen.

Windows 10 laptop has user&#39;s pin lock.

Windows 10 pin password lock is associated with user/owner's Microsoft LiveID (Owner's email account and password).

If the mainboard is replaced, then the original PIN will not working. Because it has encryption and need to match the key value in the original mainboard's bios. 

If you try to reset the pin, Windows will ask owner's LiveID/email password.

If you want to do a full hardware test, contact customer to see if it is ok to wipe the HDD and OS reinstall (KB & Driver Update).

Or do MRI and send back the unit with HDD's original state.

SDI (Snoopy Driver) installation notes

"Do not create restore point."

Do not install the driver for the following brand under Windows 10.

Asus : Asus Support Device
It may cause unit not booting properly. You may have to reinstall Windows 10.
Just install Asus "ATKpackage" and "SmartGesture" manually.

HP: Touch screen and trackpad driver (ELAN or Symantic)
SDI Touch screen driver may cause it not working anymore. Update driver may not solve the issue. You may have to reinstall Windows 10.
SDI trackpad driver may cause it not working anymore and not booting properly. Update driver may not solve the issue. You may have to reinstall Windows 10.
If SDI says "Updated driver available", just skip it.

HP: Wi-fi ping is very slow and unstable.
Solution: just install the driver form HP's product site. Besure download the right chip driver, eg. Boardcom or Realtek.

How to Boot Windows initial installation to Audit mode or OOBE

At Windows initial installation screen, press CTRL+SHIFT+F3. Computer will reboot to OOBE.

OOBE: Out of Box Experience

Enter OOBE for installing missing drivers or apps.

Windows 10 login error: connections limited

Windows 10 login error message: 
The number of connections to this computer is limited and all connections are in use right now. try connecting later or contact your systemadministrator.

This error message persists even after PC complete shutdown and reboot.

Final workable solution:
Take OS boot drive/NVME SSD out => install on other PC and power on => login to the PC => power off => remove the OS drive and install it back to original PC then resolve the issue.
Note 1: It is domain joined PC.
Note 2: OS boot drive doesn’t have “bitlocker / Disk encryption” turn on.

Other solution from internet which doesn’t work.
Solution: Add Windows registry.

Fix Camera Error (Code 10) This Device Cannot Start STATUS DEVICE POWER FAILURE On Windows 10 & 11

For Dell laptop:
Symptom: Web cam not working
Test method: Windows built-in "camera" app.
Windows Device Manager - Device warning / Error message: This Device Cannot Start (Code 10) STATUS_DEVICE_POWER_FAILURE
Trouble shooting - Run Dell Hardware Diagnostics: As the computer boots, press F12 when the Dell Splash screen appears. When the boot menu appears, highlight the boot to utility partition option or the diagnostics option and then press enter to start the 32-bit Dell diagnostics. Press the tab key to highlight test system.
Final solution: Hardware failure and webcam module must be replaced. If the unit is still under warranty, call Dell Support immediately.

https://youtu.be/OSlvNKW7nRE?si=DT7j3q4nWD6yt2oP
Fix Camera Stopped Working Error This Device Cannot Start (Code 10) STATUS_DEVICE_POWER_FAILURE
Step 1) Restart your PC
Step 2) Make sure camera access is on in privacy settings
Step 3) Run Camera troubleshooter
Step 4) Reset camera app
Step 5) Disable and enable camera
Step 6) Allow Camera and browser access to your antivirus program, you can also disable your Antivirus program when using the camera
Step 7) Navigate to C:\Program Files\Realtek
In that folder locate RsProviders folder and then make right-click and rename it to something else such as RsProviders_
Restart the computer
Step 8) For MSI laptop for few model numbers pressing Fn+F6 on the keyboard to enable camera 
Step 9) If you have Asus computer for some model number pressing F10 enables the camera. 
Step 10) Some HP laptop has a camera kill switch on side of the laptop, you have to slide the camera switch to enable and disable the camera.
Step 11) Update camera driver from device manager
Step 12) Update camera driver from system manufacturer's website
Lenovo: https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/  
HP: https://support.hp.com/ 
Dell: https://www.dell.com/support
Step 13) Uninstall camera driver and restart your PC
Step 14) Sometimes camera is disabled in BIOS, (Start your PC and immediately tap F2 to enter the BIOS) so go to the system BIOS and make sure camera is enabled in the BIOS.
Step 15) Update Windows 10 0r 11
Step 16) Perform Cleanboot
Step 17) Update system BIOS
Step 18) Perform system restore
Step 19) Reset your PC- This will result in data loss so backup your data before reset.
Step 20) Run Hardware test for camera

How to export Android phone or iPhone txt message to PC?

Take a screenshot or record your screen on your Android device
https://support.google.com/android/answer/9075928?hl=en

Take a scrolling screenshot
*** Important: These steps work on devices running Android 12 and up, on most screens that allow you to scroll.
1. Open the screen that you want to capture.
2. Press the Power and Volume down buttons at the same time.
3. At the bottom, tap Capture more.
4. To select the content you want to capture, use the crop guidelines.

After pressing " Power and Volume down buttons", you should see your phone screen is in picture mode. At the bottom of the screen, you should see couple buttons. The one with "down arrow = scroll down", you just tap it. And it will scroll down and same the message to one long photo file to your phone.

R2S :真实性能如何？超频后的性能如何？稳定吗？R2S一年后再回顾！我该使用哪一个R2S固件！

https://youtu.be/CF8FvEKrlbo?si=RI6oFCqeUzT-DAsC

How to set up WireGuard on OpenWRT router

https://support.surfshark.com/hc/en-us/articles/7091559595666-How-to-set-up-WireGuard-on-OpenWRT-router

Surfshark Wireguard configuration - OpenWrt 23.05.2 - Installing and Using OpenWrt - OpenWrt Forum

OpenWrt 图形化搭建 WireGuard 服务 | 6x's notepad - 个人技术学习 (6xyun.cn)

一鍵連回家里內網：OpenWRT上部署Wireguard VPN服務器的三個要點、減少折騰時間 - by Upsangel

wireguard-tools 核心套件
kmod-wireguard
luci-proto-wireguard
qrencode
libqrencode

R2S OpenWRT: add thermal monitor plug-in

Install the following plugins first:
OpenWRT => System => Software => check or install
1. luci-app-statistics
2. collectd-mod-thermal
3. collectd-mod-sensors
4. lm-sensors

Configure:
OpenWRT => Statics => Setup => General plugins => Thermal: check  box

Model: FriendlyElec NanoPi R2S
Architecture: ARMv8 Processor rev 4
Target Platform: rockchip/armv8
installed: 189 packages

Model: Xunlong Orange Pi R1 Plus LTS
Architecture: ARMv8 Processor rev 4 (v8l) x 4 (1200MHz, 42.7°C)
Target Platform: rockchip/armv8
installed: 209 packages

Xunlong Orange Pi R1 Plus LTS_pkg_list - Package name    Version    Size (.ipk)    Description

6in4    28

attendedsysupgrade-common    8

autocore    42

automount    10

base-files    1715-r27917-81a1f98d5b

block-mount    2023-02-28-bfe882d5-1

busybox    1.36.1-1

ca-bundle    20240203-1

cgi-io    2022-08-10-901b0f04-21

default-settings    29

default-settings-chn    29

dnsmasq-full    2.90-2

dropbear    2022.82-6

e2fsprogs    1.47.0-2

fdisk    2.39-2

firewall4    2023-09-01-598d9fbb-1

fstools    2023-02-28-bfe882d5-1

fwtool    2019-11-12-8f7fe925-1

getrandom    2022-08-13-4c7b720b-2

ipv6helper    5

jansson4    2.14-3

jshn    2023-05-23-75a3b870-1

jsonfilter    2024-01-23-594cfa86-1

kernel    5.15.162-1-b9b1527c…

kmod-asn1-decoder    5.15.162-1

kmod-crypto-acompress    5.15.162-1

kmod-crypto-aead    5.15.162-1

kmod-crypto-arc4    5.15.162-1

kmod-crypto-authenc    5.15.162-1

kmod-crypto-crc32c    5.15.162-1

kmod-crypto-ecb    5.15.162-1

kmod-crypto-hash    5.15.162-1

kmod-crypto-kpp    5.15.162-1

kmod-crypto-lib-chacha20    5.15.162-1

kmod-crypto-lib-chacha20poly1305    5.15.162-1

kmod-crypto-lib-curve25519    5.15.162-1

kmod-crypto-lib-poly1305    5.15.162-1

kmod-crypto-manager    5.15.162-1

kmod-crypto-null    5.15.162-1

kmod-crypto-sha1    5.15.162-1

kmod-crypto-sha256    5.15.162-1

kmod-crypto-user    5.15.162-1

kmod-cryptodev    5.15.162+1.12-rockchip-1

kmod-fs-exfat    5.15.162-1

kmod-fs-ext4    5.15.162-1

kmod-fs-ntfs3    5.15.162-1

kmod-fs-vfat    5.15.162-1

kmod-gpio-button-hotplug    5.15.162-3

kmod-iptunnel    5.15.162-1

kmod-iptunnel4    5.15.162-1

kmod-lib-crc-ccitt    5.15.162-1

kmod-lib-crc16    5.15.162-1

kmod-lib-crc32c    5.15.162-1

kmod-lib-lzo    5.15.162-1

kmod-lib-textsearch    5.15.162-1

kmod-macvlan    5.15.162-1

kmod-mii    5.15.162-1

kmod-mppe    5.15.162-1

kmod-nf-conntrack    5.15.162-1

kmod-nf-conntrack-netlink    5.15.162-1

kmod-nf-conntrack6    5.15.162-1

kmod-nf-flow    5.15.162-1

kmod-nf-log    5.15.162-1

kmod-nf-log6    5.15.162-1

kmod-nf-nat    5.15.162-1

kmod-nf-nathelper    5.15.162-1

kmod-nf-nathelper-extra    5.15.162-1

kmod-nf-reject    5.15.162-1

kmod-nf-reject6    5.15.162-1

kmod-nfnetlink    5.15.162-1

kmod-nft-core    5.15.162-1

kmod-nft-fib    5.15.162-1

kmod-nft-fullcone    5.15.162+2023-01-10-95ad79bc-1

kmod-nft-nat    5.15.162-1

kmod-nft-offload    5.15.162-1

kmod-nls-base    5.15.162-1

kmod-nls-cp437    5.15.162-1

kmod-nls-iso8859-1    5.15.162-1

kmod-nls-utf8    5.15.162-1

kmod-ppp    5.15.162-1

kmod-pppoe    5.15.162-1

kmod-pppox    5.15.162-1

kmod-scsi-core    5.15.162-1

kmod-sit    5.15.162-1

kmod-slhc    5.15.162-1

kmod-udptunnel4    5.15.162-1

kmod-udptunnel6    5.15.162-1

kmod-usb-core    5.15.162-1

kmod-usb-net    5.15.162-1

kmod-usb-net-cdc-ether    5.15.162-1

kmod-usb-net-cdc-ncm    5.15.162-1

kmod-usb-net-rtl8152    5.15.162-1

kmod-usb-storage    5.15.162-1

kmod-usb-storage-extras    5.15.162-1

kmod-usb-storage-uas    5.15.162-1

kmod-wireguard    5.15.162-1

libblkid1    2.39-2

libblobmsg-json20230523    2023-05-23-75a3b870-1

libc    1.2.4-4

libcomerr0    1.47.0-2

Displaying 1-100 of 209

Package name    Version    Size (.ipk)    Description

libext2fs2    1.47.0-2

libf2fs6    1.16.0-1

libfdisk1    2.39-2

libgcc1    12.3.0-4

libgmp10    6.2.1-1

libiwinfo-data    2023-07-01-ca79f641-1

libiwinfo20230701    2023-07-01-ca79f641-1

libjson-c5    0.16-3

libjson-script20230523    2023-05-23-75a3b870-1

liblua5.1.5    5.1.5-11

liblucihttp-lua    2023-03-15-9b5b683f-1

liblucihttp-ucode    2023-03-15-9b5b683f-1

liblucihttp0    2023-03-15-9b5b683f-1

libmnl0    1.0.5-1

libncurses6    6.4-2

libnetfilter-conntrack3    1.0.9-2

libnettle8    3.9.1-1

libnfnetlink0    1.0.2-1

libnftnl11    1.2.6-1

libnl-tiny1    2023-07-27-bc92a280-1

libopenssl-conf    3.0.14-2

libopenssl3    3.0.14-2

libpthread    1.2.4-4

libqrencode    4.1.1-1

librt    1.2.4-4

libsmartcols1    2.39-2

libss2    1.47.0-2

libubox20230523    2023-05-23-75a3b870-1

libubus-lua    2023-06-05-f787c97b-1

libubus20230605    2023-06-05-f787c97b-1

libuci20130104    2023-08-10-5781664d-1

libuclient20201210    2023-04-13-007d9454-1

libucode20230711    2024-07-11-1a8a0bcf-1

libustream-openssl20201210    2023-02-25-498f6e26-1

libuuid1    2.39-2

logd    2022-08-13-4c7b720b-2

lua    5.1.5-11

luci    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-app-attendedsysupgrade    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-app-cpufreq    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-app-firewall    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-app-opkg    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-base    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-compat    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-i18n-attendedsysupgrade-zh-cn    git-24.224.67798-1f306c7

luci-i18n-base-zh-cn    git-24.228.28646-2a14b7a

luci-i18n-cpufreq-zh-cn    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-i18n-firewall-zh-cn    git-24.228.28646-2a14b7a

luci-i18n-opkg-zh-cn    git-24.224.67798-1f306c7

luci-lib-base    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-lib-ip    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-lib-ipkg    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-lib-jsonc    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-lib-nixio    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-light    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-lua-runtime    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-mod-admin-full    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-mod-network    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-mod-status    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-mod-system    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-proto-ipv6    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-proto-ppp    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-proto-wireguard    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

luci-theme-bootstrap    git-24.223.21680-9cf76eb

mkf2fs    1.16.0-1

mtd    26

netifd    2024-01-04-c18cc79d-2

nftables-json    1.0.8-1

ntfs3-mount    10

odhcp6c    2023-05-12-bcd28363-20

odhcpd-ipv6only    2023-10-24-d8118f6e-1

openwrt-keyring    2023-05-22-455b399d-3

opkg    2022-02-24-d038e5b6-2

partx-utils    2.39-2

ppp    2.4.9.git-2021-01-04-7

ppp-mod-pppoe    2.4.9.git-2021-01-04-7

procd    2023-06-25-2db83655-2

procd-seccomp    2023-06-25-2db83655-2

procd-ujail    2023-06-25-2db83655-2

qrencode    4.1.1-1

r8152-firmware    20230804-1

rpcd    2023-07-01-c07ab2f9-1

rpcd-mod-file    2023-07-01-c07ab2f9-1

rpcd-mod-iwinfo    2023-07-01-c07ab2f9-1

rpcd-mod-luci    20240305-1

rpcd-mod-rpcsys    2023-07-01-c07ab2f9-1

rpcd-mod-rrdns    20170710

rpcd-mod-ucode    2023-07-01-c07ab2f9-1

shellsync    0.2-2

terminfo    6.4-2

uboot-envtools    2023.04-1

ubox    2022-08-13-4c7b720b-2

ubus    2023-06-05-f787c97b-1

ubusd    2023-06-05-f787c97b-1

uci    2023-08-10-5781664d-1

uclient-fetch    2023-04-13-007d9454-1

ucode    2024-07-11-1a8a0bcf-1

ucode-mod-fs    2024-07-11-1a8a0bcf-1

ucode-mod-html    1

ucode-mod-lua    1

Displaying 101-200 of 209

Package name    Version    Size (.ipk)    Description

ucode-mod-math    2024-07-11-1a8a0bcf-1

ucode-mod-ubus    2024-07-11-1a8a0bcf-1

ucode-mod-uci    2024-07-11-1a8a0bcf-1

uhttpd    2023-06-25-34a8a74d-2

uhttpd-mod-ubus    2023-06-25-34a8a74d-2

urandom-seed    3

urngd    2023-11-01-44365eb1-1

usign    2020-05-23-f1f65026-1

wireguard-tools    1.0.20210914-2

OpenWRT Parent Control + Adguard Home : 擋廣告

[工具] 使用 AdGuard Home / AdGuard DNS 封鎖廣告 & 保護隱私
[工具] 使用 AdGuard Home / AdGuard DNS 封鎖廣告 & 保護隱私 | by CP | Medium

在 Windows 上安裝 AdGuard Home 並用於路由器 (超簡單教學) | 和泉小角落
AdGuard Home 超簡單架設教學！ | Adguard DNS - 叩頂窩客
[設定篇] 為Mikrotik ROS 7.1 RC4 安裝AdGuardHome 去除有害網站和廣告 - FossilisPC 化石電腦的網誌
[工具] 使用 AdGuard Home / AdGuard DNS 封鎖廣告 & 保護隱私 | by CP | Medium

【Openwrt】一鍵改善Adguard Home擋廣告效果、解決過濾不全的簡單方法
https://upsangel.com/openwrt/openwrt-adguard-home-ads-filtering-improve-method/
已知的 DNS 提供商 | AdGuard DNS Knowledge Base (adguard-dns.io)

科技探索者
https://youtu.be/GWFHf2rQ4WU?si=PeMImp5tM4_YuwZx
https://youtu.be/8iqzXoB8QLY?si=wZ6Z0TFo7LsrdiFL
Openwrt => Service => AdGuard
reboot OpenWRT

https://youtu.be/3V-t5Iyf33o?si=3LRP7_8IbtVIa_XM

OpenWRT路由器的擋廣告神器「AdguardHome」使用方法教學
https://upsangel.com/openwrt/openwrt-adguardhome-ads-block-filter-setting-tutorial/

OpenWrt 安装与配置 AdGuard Home 实现全局广告拦截的详细教程 - 高性能VPS推荐与IT技术博客 | Haovps.Top
openwrt下安装ADGuard Home过滤广告 - 妖の森 (fjwr.xyz)
家庭网络优化：openwrt安装Adguard Home - 无用笔记 (xhily.com)

用OpenWRT劃分出訪客Guest LAN、隔離外網伺服器的兩種方法（不是無線訪客WIFI）
https://upsangel.com/openwrt/openwrt-guest-lan-isolation-not-guest-wifi/

OpenWRT防火牆：限制IP訪問Internet的最佳設置方法（無需打命令行）
https://upsangel.com/openwrt/openwrt%E9%98%B2%E7%81%AB%E7%89%86%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6ip%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8Finternet/

Restricting Internet Access to Specific Times with OpenWRT
https://www.bentasker.co.uk/posts/documentation/general/creating-timebounded-firewall-rules-on-openwrt.html

Set IP range

LuCi, go to Network -> Firewall -> Traffic Rules Tab
Create a new Forward rule and choose your source and destination zone (for my case, Source=lan and Destination=WAN) and click Add & Edit.
In next page, in Extra Arguments Box, Enter this:
-m iprange --src-range 192.168.1.10-192.168.1.90
Time Restrictions
Start Time (hh:mm:ss): 22:30:00
Stop Time (hh:mm:ss): 07:30:00

NetworkChuck: Block ALL ads with this…(and speed up your internet)
https://youtu.be/B2V_8M9cjYw?si=Tb_Yhgriz-EhY9cO
Quad9 DNS
Quad9 DNS is a free, recursive, anycast DNS platform that provides high-performance, privacy, and security protection from phishing and spyware. Quad9 servers don't provide a censoring component.
Standard
Regular DNS servers which provide protection from phishing and spyware. They include blocklists, DNSSEC validation, and other security features.

DNS-over-HTTPS: https://dns.quad9.net/dns-query
DNS-over-TLS: tls://dns.quad9.net

https://dns.google.com/dns-query
https://dns.cloudflare.com/dns-query

Note:
DHCP server can use "AdGuard Home" instead of built-in "dnsmasq and odhcpd".

OpenWRT log error: Netlink receive failure: Out of memory

OpenWRT log error: Netlink receive failure: Out of memory
Netlink receive failure: Out of memory · Issue #43 · jow-/nlbwmon · GitHub

Adguard failed to exchange with upstream router for reverse local client queries

https://www.reddit.com/r/Adguard/comments/1ajijuh/adguard_failed_to_exchange_with_upstream_router/

How Do I Add Private Reverse DNS Servers For Host Lookup Including for VLAN's ? : r/Adguard (reddit.com)

OpenWRT ext4 file system expand

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_24649627/article/details/128834264
Package need to be installed:
* parted
* losetup
* resize2fs

OpenWRT use ext4 file system.

use ssh to OpenWRT, eg. 192.168.1.1
1: command type "parted" to show current partations
2: parted -s /dev/mmcblk0 resizepart 2 100%
3: losetup /dev/loop0 /dev/mmcblk0p2
4: resize2fs -f /dev/loop0
5: reboot
8: df-h <= print partations on screen.

OpenWrt 防火墙配置入门指南

OpenWrt 防火墙配置入门指南
https://iyzm.net/openwrt/3313.html

OpenWrt旁路由进阶篇SmartDNS+AdGuardHome设置DNS分流、秒开网页、去广告

https://post.smzdm.com/p/axz6z7w9/

How to install Adguard Home on your OpenWrt router - Victor Bayas

Adblock-lean: set up adblock using dnsmasq blocklist

https://forum.openwrt.org/t/adblock-lean-set-up-adblock-using-dnsmasq-blocklist/157076
GitHub - lynxthecat/adblock-lean: Lean and powerful adblocking solution for OpenWrt

OpenWRT - DNS hijacking

https://openwrt.org/docs/guide-user/firewall/fw3_configurations/intercept_dns

Force All DNS Queries Through PiHole with OpenWRT (vtkellers.com)

OSSlab.tv: 【教學】快速安裝設定 Openmediavault 7

https://osslab.tv/openmediavault-7/

disk removed error: Fsname: value does not match

https://forum.openmediavault.org/index.php?thread/51042-fsname-value-does-not-match/

Unable to delete missing HDD from filesystems

https://forum.openmediavault.org/index.php?thread/17629-unable-to-delete-missing-hdd-from-filesystems/

OMV doesn't get "stuck" when removing configurations, I've found that the creation process must be done in reverse order. In your case it would be:

1. Delete Samba/CIF shares
2. Delete the Shared folders
3. Unmount and Delete the file system
4. Delete the RAID array
4.1 And to be sure, go under Storage, S.M.A.R.T, Devices, and turn monitoring off for the physical disk(s) you want to delete. Delete all schedule tests, if any.
After that's done, under the Settings Tab, you could turn S.M.A.R.T off completely.
5. Delete the physical disks

OMV file manager solution - Midnight Commander

Midnight Commander - text based shell with mouse support
Web Based File Manager? - General - openmediavault
How to Use Midnight Commander, a Visual File Manager | Linode Docs
Others solution: File Browser (can only set one root directory, eg. home), CloudCMD (Docker), Krusader (Docker)

Installation:
sudo apt install mc
sudo apt install screen

Basic use:
(open a SSH shell)
screen
mc
(start moving files)
(close the connection to the SSH shell, possibly turn off the computer)
...
(open a SSH shell)
screen -r
(check if mc is done)
(close mc)
exit